Thursday, November 13, 2014

Radio Stations in Malaysia With Frequencies

In Malaysia, there are four companies that run most radio stations. There is Radio Television Malaysia (RTM), which is the government-owned public broadcaster. Then, there is Astro Radio that is owned by Astro Holdings Sdn Bhd. Also, there is Media Prima, a fully integrated media company. Last but not least, there is Star Media Group Berhad. There are dozens of radio stations airing in Malaysia, and here are some that are available nationwide. 

A) Radio Televisyen Malaysia

1) Nasional FM



A Malay general-service, national radio station which is the first Malaysia's radio station to broadcast in FM stereo since being launch on 20 June 1975. 

  • Johor Bahru, Singapore, Riau - 101.7
  • Melaka, North Johor - 96.6
  • Negeri Sembilan - 91.7
  • Klang Valley - 88.5
  • Selangor, Central Pahang - 95.3
  • Kota Bharu - 101.9
  • Jeli - 89.2
  • Kuala Terengganu - 91.7
  • Besut, North Terengganu - 98.8
  • North Perak - 89.7
  • Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang - 100.5


2) TraXX FM



The country's first English radio station that started broadcasting in 1 January 1950 as the Blue Network.

  • Tangkak - 97.4
  • Johor Bahru - 102.9
  • Bukit Tinggi - 92.9
  • Baling - 91.7
  • Gurun - 98.7
  • Kota Bharu - 104.7
  • Jeli - 90.8
  • Bukit Bakar - 98.5
  • Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, West Pahang - 90.3 or 100.1
  • Melaka - 97.4
  • Negeri Sembilan, South Selangor - 88.7
  • Kuantan - 105.3
  • Jerantut - 89.9
  • Taiping - 105.3
  • Ipoh - 90.1
  • Pulau Pinang - 98.7
  • Kota Kinabalu - 105.3
  • Kota Belud - 102.5
  • Bintulu - 98.5
  • Miri - 104.5
  • Kuala Terengganu - 89.7
  • Dungun - 98.9
  • Besut - 97.0


3) Ai FM


Malaysia's first Chinese radio station that has been on the air since 1934.

  • North Johor, Melaka - 100.4
  • South Johor - 104.9
  • Negeri Sembilan, South Selangor - 89.7
  • Kuala Lumpur, Selangor - 89.3
  • West Pahang - 106.7
  • Kuantan - 106.1
  • Kota Bharu - 105.7
  • Jeli - 91.6
  • Kuala Terengganu - 90.5
  • Besut - 97.8
  • Jerantut - 90.7
  • Ipoh - 92.1
  • Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang - 101.3


4) Minnal FM



 The first 24-hour Indian language broadcast service in the world and Malaysia's first Tamil radio channel. 

  • North Johor, Melaka - 103.3
  • South Johor - 101.1
  • Negeri Sembilan, South Selangor - 90.5
  • Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Central Pahang - 96.3
  • Kuantan - 103.3, 
  • Kota Bharu, Machang - 106.7
  • Jeli - 92.2
  • Kuala Terengganu - 87.9
  • Jerantut, Terengganu - 91.9
  • Besut - 95.3
  • Ipoh - 96.9
  • South Perak - 98.9
  • Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang - 96.7
  • North Kedah, North Perak - 89.7
  • North Kelantan - 100.9


5) Radio Klasik FM



Broadcasts Malay retro music. 

  • Gunung Pulai - 106.7
  • Melaka - 93.6
  • Negeri Sembilan, South Selangor - 87.9
  • Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, West Pahang - 98.3
  • Kuantan - 107.9
  • Kota Bharu - 96.5
  • Kuala Terengganu - 92.5
  • Ipoh - 88.3
  • Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang - 94.9



B) Astro Radio





1) Era



Mainly plays Malay music but also a mixture of international hit songs as well. 

  • Klang Valley - 103.3
  • Pulau Pinang - 103.6
  • Taiping - 95.2
  • Melaka - 90.3
  • Johor Bahru - 104.5
  • Seremban - 103.6
  • Kuantan - 98.0
  • Kota Bharu - 103.3
  • Kuala Terengganu - 102.8
  • Kuching - 96.1
  • Kota Kinabalu - 102.4


2) Hitz. FM



 Malaysia's leading English-language station airing contemporary English hits with approximately two million listeners.

  • Klang Valley - 94.5
  • Pulau Pinang - 91.0
  • Ipoh - 94.3
  • Taiping - 91.3
  • Melaka - 91.1
  • Johor Bahru - 99.1
  • Seremban - 94.2
  • Kuantan - 94.1
  • Kota Bharu - 94.6
  • Kuala Kuching - 97.7
  • Kota Kinabalu - 101.6


3) MY FM



A Chinese station catering for younger listeners. 

  • Klang Valley - 101.8
  • Pulau Pinang - 99.7
  • Ipoh - 100.6
  • Taiping - 100.2
  • Melaka - 106.4
  • Johor Bahru - 95.4
  • Seremban - 100.6
  • Kuantan - 101.1
  • Kota Bharu - 102.3
  • Kuala Terengganu - 101.2
  • Kuching - 96.9
  • Kota Kinabalu - 104.0


4) THR Raaga



Starting out as the first privately owned bilingual Malay and English language radio station in the country, it provided stiff competition to other stations in both Malaysia and Singapore. Today, it is Southeast Asia's leading Tamil radio station. 

  • Klang Valley, South Pulau Pinang - 99.3
  • Negeri Sembilan - 101.5
  • Central Perak - 97.9
  • North Pulau Pinang, Kedah - 102.4
  • Pulau Langkawi - 101.9


5) THR Gegar



This is the former Malay slot of THR which has since split and is now its own station but only airs in the East Coast of the Peninsular while Raaga airs in the West Coast. 

  • Kuantan - 88.8 
  • Kuala Terengganu - 106.8 
  • Kota Bharu - 88.1 



6) Mix FM



An English language station that caters to urban young adults by playing contemporary hits from the 90s to present day.

  • Klang Valley - 92.9
  • Pulau Pinang - 92.8
  • Ipoh - 92.7
  • Taiping - 93.6
  • Melaka - 93.0
  • Johor Bahru - 97.6
  • Seremban - 95.0
  • Kuantan - 93.2
  • Kota Bharu - 92.8
  • Kuala Terengganu - 98.3
  • Kuching - 95.3
  • Kota Kinabalu - 100.8

7) Lite FM



An oldies station that mainly airs songs from the 1960's to the 1980's targeting a more mature audience, although it occasionally plays contemporary hits. 

  • Klang Valley - 105.7
  • Pulau Pinang - 104.4
  • Ipoh - 101.5
  • Taiping - 89.3
  • Melaka - 92.2
  • Johor Bahru - 104.3
  • Seremban - 104.6
  • Kuantan - 104.7
  • Kota Bharu - 104.3
  • Kuala Terengganu - 105.9
  • Kuching - 100.1
  • Kota Kinabalu - 103.2

8) Sinar fm



A Malay station that focuses on mature listeners and plays classic music from both local and international artists.

  • Klang Valley - 96.7
  • Pulau Pinang - 97.1
  • Ipoh - 96.9
  • Kuantan - 97.2
  • Kota Bharu - 93.8
  • Taiping - 96.4
  • Seremban - 96.9
  • Melaka - 96.0
  • Johor Bahru, Singapore - 87.8
  • Terengganu - 97.5
  • Kota Kinabalu - 104.9
  • Kuching - 102.1

9) Melody FM



Mainly plays Chinese hits from 1970's to the 2000's for more mature listeners. 


  • Klang Valley - 103.0
  • Pulau Pinang - 106.5
  • Ipoh - 98.5
  • Kuantan - 100.0
  • Kota Bahru - 99.8
  • Taiping - 104.9
  • Seremban - 97.9
  • Melaka/North Johor - 107.3
  • Central Johor - 98.4
  • Johor Baru - 103.3
  • Terengganu - 104.0
  • Kuching - 103.7
  • Kota Kinabalu - 98.6

C) Star Publications 


1) Suria FM



A Malay station that plays songs from the 80's right down to contemporary hits. 

  • Klang Valley - 105.3
  • Ipoh - 96.0
  • Taiping - 91.7
  • Kuantan - 96.1
  • Melaka, North Johor - 88.5
  • Seremban - 107.0
  • Johor Baru - 101.4
  • Kota Kinabalu - 105.9
  • Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang - 106.9
  • Kuala Terengganu - 102.4
  • Kota Bharu - 106.1


2) 988 FM



A Chinese language station for urban and suburban professional adult listeners.

  • Kedah, Perlis - 96.1
  • Pulau Pinang - 94.5
  • Pulau Langkawi - 96.1
  • Taiping - 101
  • Ipoh - 98.8
  • Pahang - 90.4
  • Negeri Sembilan - 93.3
  • North Johor, Melaka - 98.2
  • South Johor, Singapore - 99.9



D) Media Prima



1) Hot FM



 Mainly broadcast in Malay, the station also plays a mix of Indonesian and English songs as well. 

  • Klang Valley - 97.6
  • Ipoh - 104.5
  • Pulau Pinang - 88.2
  • Alor Setar - 88.2
  • Melaka - 104.3
  • Johor Bahru - 90.1
  • Kota Kinabalu - 87.7
  • Kuching - 94.3
  • Kuala Terengganu - 105.0
  • Kuantan - 92.4

2) Kool FM



  • Klang Valley - 101.3 FM
  • Penang Island - 90.2 FM
  • Kuala Terengganu - 93.6 FM
  • Kota Bharu - 88.6 FM
  • Alor Setar - 107.3 FM


3) Fly FM


Mainly an English language channel that focuses on teenage and young adult listeners.

  • Klang Valley - 95.8
  • Negeri Sembilan - 98.6
  • Ipoh - 87.9
  • Penang - 89.9
  • Melaka - 94.0
  • Johor - 94.0


3) One FM



A Chinese station playing contemporary hits. 


  • Ipoh, Central Perak & Kuala Kangsar - 87.6
  • Penang, Kedah and Taipin - MHz
  • Johor Bahru - 105.3
  • Klang Valley and South Perak  - 88.1
  • Melaka and North Johor - 88.1 
  • Seremban - 88.3 
  • Kota Kinabalu - 95.7 
  • Kuching - 98.3 
  • Kuantan, South Terengganu and Mersing - 100.4 


Tuesday, November 11, 2014

Literature in English (2205): Exam Format, Answer Guidelines and Literary Texts

Back in my secondary school days, I was so sad that my school did not offer the Literature in English for SPM. It is funny how my teachers used to talk on the importance of English in Malaysia today and that getting an A1 (not A+ yet) for the subject is not enough. If that is true, then why didn't they introduce this subject? Maybe it was because my school was, and still is, a full-fledged science stream school. However, having minored in literature at university, I find that it has helped me explore territories that I never dared to face before. Literature taught me to be outspoken and to become an active learner rather than a passive one that just listens to lectures. This fed into my natural inquisitive and curious nature. As a film and novel lover, I came to like literature very easily as well. Enough about me. This is the current literary texts and examination format that is applicable until the year 2010, though I hear it is still used until today.

LIST OF LITERARY TEXTS

Novel
Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury)
Fasting, Feasting (Anita Desai)
Holes (Louis Sachar)

Drama
Julius Caesar (William Shakespeare)
The Lion and the Jewel (Wole Soyinka)
An Inspector Calls (J.B. Priestly)

Short Story
Naukar (Anya Sitaram)
Cinderella Girl (Vivien Alcoc)
The Landlady (Roald Dahl)
A Common Story (Kassim Ahmad)
Neighbours (Robert Raymer)
Harrison Bergeren (Kurt Vonnegut Jr. )

Poetry
Theme: Relationships
Tonight I Can Write (Pablo Neruda)
Ways of Love (Chung Yee Chong)
A Prayer for My Daughter (Yeats)
The Way Things Are (Roger McGough)
For My Old Amah (Wong Phui Nam)
How Do I Love Thee? (Elizabeth Barret Browning)

Theme: Perceptions of Self
Birches (Robert Frost)
I Am (John Clare)
This Is A Photograph of Me (Margaret Atwood)
Waiting to Go On (Hugo Williams)
Daring Tears (Craig Romkema)
The Traveller (Muhammad hj Salleh)

Theme: Conflicts
Dulce et Decorum Est (Wilfred Owe)
The Man He Killed (Thomas Hardy)
Death of A Rainforest (Cecil Rajendra)
The War Against Trees (Stanley Kunitz)
A Quarrel Between Day and Night (Omar Mohd Noor)
"Crabbed age and youth cannot live together "(Shakespeare)


EXAMINATION FORMAT

Candidates will be asked to choose one question from each component (novel/drama/short story/poem).

Section A:
There are 6 short stories to be studied. Only 4 will be selected for testing each year. Each short story will be tested individually but the candidate is required to answer ONE out of the four questions.

Section B:
There are 3 novels to be studied. All 3 will be selected for testing each year. Each novel will be tested individually but the candidate is required to answer ONE out of the three questions.

Section C:
There are 3 plays to be studied. All 3 will be selected for testing each year. Each play will be tested individually but the candidate is required to answer ONE out of the three questions.

Section D:
There are 3 themes to be studied. All 3 themes will be selected for testing each year. Each theme will be tested individually but the candidate is required to answer ONE out of the three questions.

Candidates may answer more than one question for each component. The examiner will chose the highest mark the candidate has attained for ONE question. A single question comprises of three sub-questions. They are to be considered as a whole and not to be counted as separated questions. No extra marks will be given for any additional answers. No extra marks will be awarded beyond the maximum marks cited.Illogical/irrelevant information may be ignored by the examiner.

Section A: Short Stories [25 marks]

I. Text Comprehension. (Maximum of 5 marks)

1. First point given.
2. Appropriate supporting information given.
3. Second point given.
4. Appropriate supporting information given.
5. Third point given.
6. Appropriate supporting information given.
7. Overall understanding.
8. Language. (None of the common mistakes as stated.)

II. Plot Expansion. (Maximum of 8 marks)

1. Basic description correctly given based on the short story.
2. First point given.
3. Appropriate supporting information given.
4. Second point given.
5. Appropriate supporting information given
6. Third point given.
7. Appropriate supporting information given.
8. Fourth point given.
9. Appropriate supporting information given.
10. Overall contribution of stated event/incident/occurrence/etc to the plot.
11. Writing techniques used by author given.
12. Language. (None of the common mistakes as stated.)

III. Evaluation and Understanding with Reference to the Text. (Maximum of 12 marks)

1. First point given based on story.
2. Appropriate supporting information given.
3. Second point given based on story.
4. Appropriate supporting information given.
5. Third point given based on story.
6. Appropriate supporting information given.
7. Fourth point given based on personal ideas.
8. Appropriate supporting information with reference to the text.
9. Fifth point given based on personal ideas.
10. Appropriate supporting information with reference to the text.
11. Sixth point given based on personal ideas.
12. Appropriate supporting information with reference to the text.
13. Overall understanding.
14. Language. (None of the common mistakes as stated.)

Section B (Novel), Section C (Drama), and Section D (Poetry) are all worth 25 marks each as well. The guidelines for answering are more or less the same as in Section A.

Links to short stories:

Neighbours
http://missymacy.me/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/neighbours.pdf

The Landlady
http://missymacy.me/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/thelandlady.pdf

Harrison Bergeron
http://missymacy.me/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/harris.pdf

Cinderella Girl
http://missymacy.me/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/cinderella.pdf

Naukar
http://missymacy.me/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/naukar.pdf

Link to past years' Literature in English SPM papers:
http://hsp.myschoolchildren.com/literature-in-english-spm-2013-lpkpm/